Multidimensional Poverty Reduction in India between 1999 and 2006: Where and How?

OPHI Working Papers

India has witnessed high economic growth since the 1980s, and a reduction in the share of income poor, though the measured extent of this reduction varies, has been confirmed by different methods. Poverty, however, has multiple dimensions, hence this paper explores the improvement in other social deprivations. An analysis of poverty from a multidimensional perspective shows the prevalence of multiple overlapping deprivations among the poor. This paper analyses the change in multidimensional poverty in India between 1999 and 2006 using National Family and Health Surveys. We find a strong reduction in national poverty driven relatively more by some of the standard of living indicators, such as electricity, housing condition, access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation facilities, than other social indicators. The reduction, however, has not been uniform across different population subgroups and the pattern of reduction across states has been less pro-poor that of income poverty. In addition, the poorer subgroups have shown slower progress, widening the inter-group disparity in multidimensional poverty. In order to examine trends among the poorest of the poor, we define two additional subgroups of the poor and find that multidimensional poverty reduction has been accompanied by even stronger reductions in the share of the poorest of the poor by both definitions. The in-depth analysis pursued in this paper can also be conducted for other developing countries.

A later version of this paper is published in the World Development, 2015, Vol. 72, pp. 93–108.

Citation: Alkire, S. and Seth, S. (2013). 'Multidimensional poverty reduction in India between 1999 and 2006: Where and how?', OPHI Working Papers 60, Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), University of Oxford.

Also published in World Development, 2015, Vol. 72, pp. 93–108.

See also OPHI Briefing 15, 2013.

Keywords:
Multidimensional Poverty Index, poverty in India, ultra poverty, inter-temporal analysis of poverty, subgroup decomposition
Region:
South Asia
Country:
India

Authors
Sabina Alkire and Suman Seth
Series Name
OPHI Working Papers
Publication date
2013
JEL Codes
I3, I32, O1, O5, O53
ISBN
978-1-907194-47-4
Publication Number
WP 60